Every month or so, Barcelona has 'bulky waste day' when you can leave a dead microwave, sofa, whatever outside your apartment building, on the street. And in the morning, the municipal head-the-balls will collect it for free. Seems to work quite well.
We need an assumption that humans are basically lazy and selfish. And then we do not get a nasty surprise every time they actually are.
It reminds me of speed ramps. You can have a million signs imploring people not to speed the car in quiet suburban streets. They will ignore you so long as they can get away with it. The second the ramps are installed, the good behaviour starts.
a blight of fly-tipping tells us all that some c-unit somewhere is not doing their job or grabbing the thistle of making difficult decisions. And yes, some of this is cultural. There is no surprise that Japanese football fans cleaned the World Cup Stadia after their game. Tidy nation, tidy people, tidy manners. The same applies to scruffy feckers....... Just ask airline cabin crew where they dislike flying to for all the mess left on the plane.
Public toilets ? Japan, Austria, Iceland, Korea.......spotless. Some other places : a visit to Hell. Its a broad reflection on a civilisation. And no coincidence that the Early Romans were proudly innovative of public sewers when the rest of the World were literally sh1.tting in a field.